What’s meant by the term neurodiversity?
Neurodiversity is a view that brain differences are variations in how the brain is ‘wired’. Neurodiversity is often used to refer to embrace the neurological differences there may exist in neurological or developmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or learning disabilities.
Some of the most common types of neurodiversity
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with differences in communication, learning, and behaviour. The presentation will vary significantly between individuals which is why it is referred to as lying within a spectrum. People with ASD can often experience anxiety, low mood, or present with disorders of eating often related to sensory issues.
What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A person with ADHD has differences in brain development and brain activity that affect attention and behaviour regulation, specifically hyperactivity and impulsivity. People who have a diagnosis of ADHD can experience anxiety disorders, sleep difficulty, and be more vulnerable to carry out risk behaviours.
What are learning disabilities?
A learning disability is the way in which a person’s learning might be affected because of genetic and/or neurobiological factors that change the way the brain functions. Learning disabilities are different to intellectual disabilities. Learning disabilities are very common and lie on a spectrum where some people present with mild or specific difficulties around reading or number work, whilst for some these difficulties might be more severe, and for others they may present as a combination. People who have learning difficulties most commonly experience low self-esteem and anxiety. Examples include dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and ADHD. With the right support, most people with learning disabilities overcome their challenges.
What are intellectual disabilities?
Intellectual disabilities have an impact on cognitive ability as well as communication, social, and self-care skills. Through this, they affect a person’s everyday activities. Intellectual disabilities tend to be categorised according to severity and include Down’s syndrome, foetal alcohol syndrome, and fragile X syndrome, as well as head trauma that brings about cognitive change such as a stroke.
For tips on looking after your mental health if you are neurodiverse, check out stem4’s Neurodiversity section.
